Logical Volume Manager Administration. This chapter summarizes the individual administrative tasks you can perform with the LVM Command Line Interface (CLI) commands to create and maintain logical volumes. There are several general features of all LVM CLI commands. When sizes are required in a command line argument, units can always be specified explicitly.
The following is an in-depth Installation Guide to successfully install Mac OS X, also known as MacOS, on a PC. Each step is clearly outlined in detail, and it is. This article summarizes key new features and improvements in the following versions of the.NET Framework.NET Framework 4.7.NET Framework 4.6.2. ![]() Open Iv 0 8 Beta Build 16384 HackedIf you do not specify a unit, then a default is assumed, usually KB or MB. LVM CLI commands do not accept fractions. When specifying units in a command line argument, LVM is case- insensitive; specifying M or m is equivalent, for example, and powers of 2 (multiples of 1. However, when specifying the - -units argument in a command, lower- case indicates that units are in multiples of 1. ![]() Where commands take volume group or logical volume names as arguments, the full path name is optional. A logical volume called lvol. Where a list of volume groups is required but is left empty, a list of all volume groups will be substituted. Where a list of logical volumes is required but a volume group is given, a list of all the logical volumes in that volume group will be substituted. For example, the lvdisplay vg. All LVM commands accept a - v argument, which can be entered multiple times to increase the output verbosity. For example, the following examples shows the default output of the lvcreate command. L 5. 0MB new_vg. Rounding up size to full physical extent 5. MB. Logical volume "lvol. The following command shows the output of the lvcreate command with the - v argument. L 5. 0MB new_vg. Finding volume group "new_vg". Rounding up size to full physical extent 5. MB. Archiving volume group "new_vg" metadata (seqno 4). Creating logical volume lvol. Creating volume group backup "/etc/lvm/backup/new_vg" (seqno 5). Found volume group "new_vg". Creating new_vg- lvol. Loading new_vg- lvol. Resuming new_vg- lvol. Clearing start of logical volume "lvol. Creating volume group backup "/etc/lvm/backup/new_vg" (seqno 5). Logical volume "lvol. You could also have used the - vv, - vvv or the - vvvv argument to display increasingly more details about the command execution. The - vvvv argument provides the maximum amount of information at this time. The following example shows only the first few lines of output for the lvcreate command with the - vvvv argument specified. L 5. 0MB new_vg. #lvmcmdline. Processing: lvcreate - vvvv - L 5. MB new_vg. #lvmcmdline. O_DIRECT will be used. Setting global/locking_type to 1. File- based locking selected. Setting global/locking_dir to /var/lock/lvm. Getting target version for linear. OF [1. 63. 84]. #ioctl/libdm- iface. OF [1. 63. 84]. #activate/activate. Getting target version for striped. OF [1. 63. 84]. #config/config. Setting activation/mirror_region_size to 5. You can display help for any of the LVM CLI commands with the - -help argument of the command. To display the man page for a command, execute the man command. The man lvm command provides general online information about LVM. All LVM objects are referenced internally by a UUID, which is assigned when you create the object. This can be useful in a situation where you remove a physical volume called /dev/sdf which is part of a volume group and, when you plug it back in, you find that it is now /dev/sdk. LVM will still find the physical volume because it identifies the physical volume by its UUID and not its device name. For information on specifying the UUID of a physical volume when creating a physical volume, see Section 6. Recovering Physical Volume Metadata”. Physical Volume Administration. This section describes the commands that perform the various aspects of physical volume administration. Creating Physical Volumes. The following subsections describe the commands used for creating physical volumes. Setting the Partition Type. If you are using a whole disk device for your physical volume, the disk must have no partition table. For DOS disk partitions, the partition id should be set to 0x. For whole disk devices only the partition table must be erased, which will effectively destroy all data on that disk. You can remove an existing partition table by zeroing the first sector with the following command. Physical. Volume bs=5. Initializing Physical Volumes. Use the pvcreate command to initialize a block device to be used as a physical volume. Initialization is analogous to formatting a file system. The following command initializes /dev/sdd, /dev/sde, and /dev/sdf as LVM physical volumes for later use as part of LVM logical volumes. To initialize partitions rather than whole disks: run the pvcreate command on the partition. The following example initializes the partition /dev/hdb. LVM physical volume for later use as part of an LVM logical volume. Scanning for Block Devices. You can scan for block devices that may be used as physical volumes with the lvmdiskscan command, as shown in the following example. MB]. /dev/sda [ 1. GB]. /dev/root [ 1. GB]. /dev/ram [ 1. MB]. /dev/sda. 1 [ 1. GB] LVM physical volume. Vol. Group. 00/Log. Vol. 01 [ 5. 12. MB]. /dev/ram. 2 [ 1. MB]. /dev/new_vg/lvol. MB]. /dev/ram. 3 [ 1. MB]. /dev/pkl_new_vg/sparkie_lv [ 7. GB]. /dev/ram. 4 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 5 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 6 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 7 [ 1.MB]. /dev/ram. 8 [ 1. on this page. MB]. /dev/ram. 9 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 10 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 11 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 12 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 13 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 14 [ 1. MB]. /dev/ram. 15 [ 1. MB]. /dev/sdb [ 1. GB]. /dev/sdb. 1 [ 1. GB] LVM physical volume. GB]. /dev/sdc. 1 [ 1. GB] LVM physical volume. GB]. /dev/sdd. 1 [ 1. GB] LVM physical volume. LVM physical volume whole disks. LVM physical volumes. Displaying Physical Volumes. There are three commands you can use to display properties of LVM physical volumes: pvs, pvdisplay, and pvscan. The pvs command provides physical volume information in a configurable form, displaying one line per physical volume. The pvs command provides a great deal of format control, and is useful for scripting. For information on using the pvs command to customize your output, see Section 4. Customized Reporting for LVM”. The pvdisplay command provides a verbose multi- line output for each physical volume. It displays physical properties (size, extents, volume group, etc.) in a fixed format. The following example shows the output of the pvdisplay command for a single physical volume. Physical volume - -- . PV Name /dev/sdc. VG Name new_vg. PV Size 1. GB / not usable 3. MB. Allocatable yes. PE Size (KByte) 4. Total PE 4. Free PE 4. Allocated PE 1. PV UUID Joqlch- y. WSj- ku. En- Idw. M- 0. 1S9- XO8. M- mcps. Ve. The pvscan command scans all supported LVM block devices in the system for physical volumes. The following command shows all physical devices found. PV /dev/sdb. 2 VG vg. MB / 0 free]. PV /dev/sdc. VG vg. 0 lvm. 2 [9. MB / 4. 28. 0. 0 MB free]. PV /dev/sdc. 2 lvm. MB]. Total: 3 [2. GB] / in use: 2 [1. GB] / in no VG: 1 [9. MB]. 4. 2. 3. Preventing Allocation on a Physical Volume. You can prevent allocation of physical extents on the free space of one or more physical volumes with the pvchange command. This may be necessary if there are disk errors, or if you will be removing the physical volume. The following command disallows the allocation of physical extents on /dev/sdk. You can also use the - xy arguments of the pvchange command to allow allocation where it had previously been disallowed. Resizing a Physical Volume. If you need to change the size of an underlying block device for any reason, use the pvresize command to update LVM with the new size. You can execute this command while LVM is using the physical volume. Removing Physical Volumes. If a device is no longer required for use by LVM, you can remove the LVM label with the pvremove command. Executing the pvremove command zeroes the LVM metadata on an empty physical volume. Labels on physical volume "/dev/ram. Volume Group Administration. This section describes the commands that perform the various aspects of volume group administration. Creating Volume Groups To create a volume group from one or more physical volumes, use the vgcreate command. The vgcreate command creates a new volume group by name and adds at least one physical volume to it. The following command creates a volume group named vg.
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